Calculator
Example Data Table
| Connection | Line Voltage (V) | Line Current (A) | Power Factor | Impedance |Zph| (Ω) | Angle (deg) | Active Power (W) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Star (Y) | 400 | 10 | 0.8 lagging | 23.094 | 36.87 | 5542.56 |
| Delta (Δ) | 400 | 15 | 0.9 lagging | 46.188 | 25.84 | 9353.07 |
| Star (Y) | 207.846 | 5 | 0.866 leading | 24 | -30 | 1558.85 |
Formula Used
For a balanced three phase system, apparent power is:
S = √3 × VL × IL
Active power is:
P = √3 × VL × IL × cosφ
Reactive power is:
Q = √3 × VL × IL × sinφ
Phase impedance magnitude is:
|Zph| = Vph / Iph
For star connection:
Vph = VL / √3 and Iph = IL
For delta connection:
Vph = VL and Iph = IL / √3
Impedance components are:
R = |Z| × cosφ
X = |Z| × sinφ
How to Use This Calculator
Choose the solve mode first. Select star or delta next. Enter the known electrical values. Add frequency and decimal places if needed. Click the calculate button. The tool shows line values, phase values, impedance magnitude, resistance, reactance, and power results above the form.
Use lagging for inductive loads. Use leading for capacitive loads. When using the phase angle mode, enter a negative angle for leading conditions. Download the result table as CSV or PDF after calculation.
About This 3 Phase Impedance Calculator
Why this calculator helps
A 3 phase impedance calculator helps you evaluate balanced electrical loads quickly. It converts common system inputs into useful impedance values. You can estimate resistance, reactance, power, and phase angle without doing repeated manual steps. This saves time during design checks, lab work, and troubleshooting.
What the calculator can solve
This calculator supports three practical solving methods. You can work from line voltage, line current, and power factor. You can also work from active power, line voltage, and power factor. A direct phase mode is included for phase voltage, phase current, and angle. That makes the page flexible for classroom, field, and workshop use.
Star and delta load support
Three phase systems often use star or delta connections. The calculator handles both. It converts line values into phase values with the correct balanced load relationships. That is important because phase impedance is not derived the same way in both arrangements. Accurate conversion improves load analysis and prevents wrong sizing decisions.
Power factor and impedance angle
Power factor tells you how voltage and current align. A lagging power factor usually means an inductive load. A leading power factor usually means a capacitive condition. The calculator uses that angle to split impedance into resistance and reactance. This helps when you need the real and imaginary parts of the load.
Useful for study and planning
This tool is useful for students, technicians, and engineers. It helps with balanced three phase circuit analysis, motor load checks, feeder studies, and training exercises. The example data table shows sample cases for comparison. Export options make it easier to store results, share findings, or include values in project documentation.
FAQs
1. What does this calculator return?
It returns line voltage, line current, phase voltage, phase current, impedance magnitude, resistance, reactance, power factor, phase angle, apparent power, active power, and reactive power for a balanced three phase load.
2. Can I use it for star and delta systems?
Yes. The calculator supports both star and delta connections. It automatically applies the correct line to phase conversion rules before computing the per phase impedance values.
3. Is the impedance value per phase or for the whole load?
The displayed impedance is per phase. That is the standard way balanced three phase load impedance is reported in most engineering and academic calculations.
4. What is the difference between leading and lagging?
Lagging usually indicates inductive behavior, such as motors or coils. Leading usually indicates capacitive behavior. The choice changes the sign of reactance and reactive power.
5. Can I calculate impedance from power only?
You need enough information to define the load. This page lets you use active power with line voltage and power factor, which is enough for balanced impedance calculation.
6. Does frequency change the result here?
Frequency is included as a useful reference field. The main impedance result comes from the entered electrical quantities. Frequency becomes more important when you derive reactance from component values.
7. Can this tool analyze unbalanced loads?
No. This page is designed for balanced three phase calculations. Unbalanced systems need phase by phase analysis, and the formulas are different.
8. Why is reactance negative in some results?
A negative reactance indicates a leading condition. That usually means the load behaves capacitively. The calculator shows this sign so the complex impedance stays physically meaningful.